UL15081211

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[[|frame|none|Venezuela : l'inflation à 800% ]]

Modèle:EngvarB Modèle:Use dmy dates James Alexander Malcolm Caldwell (27 September 1931 – 23 December 1978)<ref name="Full name and death date">Modèle:London Gazette</ref> was a British academic and a prolific Marxist writer. He was a consistent critic of American foreign policy, a campaigner for Asian communist and socialist movements, and a supporter of the Khmer Rouge. Malcolm Caldwell was murdered, under mysterious circumstances, a few hours after meeting Pol Pot in Cambodia.<ref name="Guardian">"Lost in Cambodia", The Guardian, 10 January 2010</ref>

Early life and career

Malcolm Caldwell was born in Scotland, the son of a coal miner.<ref name="questia.com">Peter F. Bell, Mark Selden Extract from a biography of Malcolm Caldwell, Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars vol. 11, 1979</ref> He obtained degrees from University of Nottingham and University of Edinburgh. He completed two years' national service in the British army, becoming a sergeant in the Army Education Corps. In 1959 he joined the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London as a Research Fellow. Although he met with conservative opposition within the School, he remained on its faculty throughout his life. As well as being an academic, he was an energetic and committed radical political activist. He was dedicated to criticising Western foreign policy and capitalist economics, paying particular attention to American policy.<ref name="questia.com"/> He was a founding editor of the Journal of Contemporary Asia, a journal concerned with revolutionary movements in Asia. In 1978 Caldwell was one of the Labour Party candidates in St Mary's ward in local elections in Sidcup, Bexley.<ref name="Candidature">"London Borough Council Elections, 4 May 1978", GLC Intelligence Department, p. 20.</ref>

Murder in Cambodia

Caldwell was one of the staunchest defenders of the Pol Pot regime. He frequently attempted to downplay reports of mass executions in Cambodia, but was widely attacked for doing so.<ref>Thompson, Larry Clinton "Refugee Workers in the Indochina Exodus, 1975–1982. Jefferson, NC: McFarland Publishing Co., 2010, p. 136</ref>

In December 1978 Caldwell was a member—along with Elizabeth Becker and Richard Dudman—of the last group of Western journalists and writers invited to visit Cambodia since the Khmer Rouge had taken power in April 1975. The three visitors were given a highly structured tour of the country. "We traveled in a bubble," wrote Becker. "No one was allowed to speak to me freely." On 22 December, Caldwell had a private audience with Pol Pot, the leader of Cambodia. After the meeting, he came back in a mood described as "euphoric" to the guest house in Phnom Penh where the three were staying. About 11:00 p.m. that night Becker was awakened by the sound of gunfire. She stepped out of her bedroom and saw a heavily armed Cambodian man who pointed a pistol at her. She ran back into her room and heard people moving and more gunshots. An hour later a Cambodian came to her bedroom door and told her that Caldwell was dead. She and Dudman went to his room. He had been shot in the chest and the body of a Cambodian man was also in the room, possibly the same man who had pointed the pistol at Becker.<ref>Becker, Elizabeth, When the War was Over: Cambodia and the Khmer Rouge Revolution New York: Public Affairs Books, 1998, pp. 426–430</ref>

The motives for Caldwell's murder remain unexplained.<ref>Milton Osborne, Sihanouk, Prince of Light, Prince of Darkness. Silkworm 1994</ref> An attack by a Vietnamese commando to discredit the Pol Pot regime on the eve of the Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia, is argued by Philip Short in his book as the most likely explanation.<ref>Philip Short Pol Pot The History of a Nightmare. London: John Murray, 2004; New York: Owl Books, p.393-4</ref> Three days after Caldwell was killed, the Vietnamese invaded Cambodia and soon put an end to the Khmer Rouge government.

Four of the guards at the guest house were arrested and two of them "confessed" after torture at Khmer Rouge's infamous S-21 prison that the killers were subversives attempting to undermine the Khmer Rouge regime and that Caldwell was killed "to prevent the Party from gathering friends in the world". Alternatively, journalist Wilfred Burchett as well as some of Caldwell's family members believe that Caldwell was killed on the orders of Pol Pot, following a disagreement between the two during their meeting. Caldwell's companion during the trip, Elizabeth Becker, has argued that Caldwell died as a result of the disarray and anarchy which existed during the Khmer Rouge rule, stating that "Malcolm Caldwell's death was caused by the madness of the regime he openly admired."<ref name="Guardian"/>

Works

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• (1979) Lee Kuan Yew: The Man, His Mayoralty and His Mafia.

See also

• Cambodian genocide denial

External links

• An account of the night Caldwell was killed excerpted from Becker's When the War was Over
• Andrew Anthony "Lost in Cambodia", The Observer, 10 January 2010
• Michael Ezra "Malcolm Caldwell: Pol Pot's Apologist", Democratiya, No. 16, Spring/Summer 2009 (.pdf)

L'article original (sous licence CC) : http://panampost.com/fergus-hodgson/2015/08/04/venezuelan-inflation-soars-to-800/
par Fergus Hodgson

Liens

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